How to install an SSD in a PC

We show you how to do it with an M.2 or SATA SSD.

Credit: Adam Patrick Murray/IDG

Installing an M.2 or SATA SSD in your desktop is an essential part of every PC build, or an easy upgrade to make your PC feel faster. Luckily, installing an SSD is easier than finding the best one (we have a roundup for that!) or even understanding how they work. I’m not going to cover any of that here, but I’ll walk through installing both kinds. 

The steps below should apply to almost any model. I’ll start with the M.2 SSD because it’s a bit more tricky to install, and there are some things to research before you do it. Click this link to jump to the section on SATA SSDs.

How to install an M.2 SSD in a desktop PC

An M.2 SSD looks like a stick of chewing gum with chips on one side, a label on the other, and gold contacts at one end. Some will install just like that. Some will come with their own heat sinks and look more like a pack of gum than a stick of gum. Some motherboards will have a shield for the M.2 slot, and you’ll have to shimmy the drive underneath it. We’ll cover all the forms below. 

Step 1: Find the M.2 slot

install ssd in pc identify m2 slots resized Adam Patrick Murray/IDG

Before installing an M.2 SSD, identify the M.2 slots on your motherboard. They may be in different locations: On this board, there’s a black one at the left, and a chrome-plated one on the right. Each slot’s specs will be in the motherboard manual.

The first thing you want to do is find where the M.2 slot is on your motherboard. Look for a slot about one inch wide that protrudes from the motherboard about a quarter of an inch. Every motherboard is different, but the most common locations are below the CPU and around the PCIe slots in the lower half of the board. Check the manual if you have trouble finding it.

Some motherboards have a pre-installed shield in place that serves as a heat spreader but also can provide a nice piece of visual flair. This will obviously have to be removed before you access the M.2 slot.

If your motherboard supports two M.2 SSDs you’ll need to consult your manual to see which slot is the recommended one for installing your boot drive. Each slot might offer different performance levels, while others might turn off a PCIe slot if used. In short,  read the manual first!

Step 2: Find the M.2 Mounting System

install ssd in pc find the mounting system standoff screw Adam Patrick Murray/IDG

The M.2 slot will have a mounting system, such as the standoff with a screw shown here (see orange circle we're pointing to, above), which keeps the SSD straight when it’s installed on the motherboard.

Once you’ve found the right slot, find the screw about three inches to the left that is inserted into a standoff. The standoff is there because when the drive is inserted, there will be a gap between the SSD and the motherboard. The standoff plays the crucial role of keeping the drive flat.

If your motherboard doesn’t have the screw or standoff, look in the box—it might be in a small plastic bag. If your motherboard features an M.2 shield, you’ll need to find two screws that mount it to the motherboard.

Step 3: Prep for M.2 SSD installation

Now it’s time to touch something metal, like a metal furniture leg, in order to ground yourself, then grab a screwdriver. Unscrew the screw from the standoff and place it somewhere safe—you do not want to lose a screw, or have it roll around on your motherboard.

For those of you with a shield, unscrew it from the motherboard but take note of the underside, where there should be a thermal pad with a piece of plastic over it. Do not remove the plastic yet—just place the shield somewhere safe. 

install ssd in pc m2 shield thermal paste plastic cover sheet Adam Patrick Murray/IDG

If your M.2 slot has a shield, check the back for a layer of thermal paste, covered by a small sheet of plastic. Leave that alone for now, and set aside the shield in a safe place for later use.

The most common M.2 size is 80 millimeters, but in any case you need to make sure the standoff is positioned correctly for your size of drive. Hover the drive over the slot and take note of the length. If necessary, use pliers to loosen the standoff and move it to the appropriate length position. Make sure the standoff is screwed in fully--not too tight, just snug. You don’t want it spinning while we are trying to install the screw.

For those of you with shields, you most likely don’t have a standoff. Instead there should be a squarish brace of some sort for the drive to rest on while the shield holds it in place.

Step 4: M.2 SSD installation

install ssd in pc 11 screw notch left contacts right Adam Patrick Murray/IDG

The top of the M.2 SSD is the side with the label on it. At the left, you can see the semi-circular notch for the motherboard screw. At right, you see the gold contacts for the M.2 slot.

The next step is to insert the drive. Consider the “top” of the drive to be the side with the brand’s label or sticker. The edge with the semi-circle notch is what’s going to be held in place by the screw. The edge with gold contact points is what we insert into the M.2 slot.

There’s a tiny notch dividing the contact points into two sections. You’ll want to line up that notch with a notch inside the M.2 slot, with the top of the drive facing up. Insert the drive firmly at about a 15-degree angle until there’s no more give, and let go.

install ssd in pc line up contacts with slot Adam Patrick Murray/IDG

Line up the contacts on the SSD with the contacts on the M.2 slot. Note the tiny notch, which also needs to line up with the slot.

If you have a screw and standoff-based system you’ll want to press down on the drive so that it lies flat, and the semi-circlular notch lines up with the standoff. While holding the drive flat, insert the screw and tighten to a comfortable point. Take care not to overtighten, or you risk damage to the drive, the screw, or the motherboard. If you’ve installed it correctly, the drive should not shift in place at all.

install ssd in pc notch and standoff screw resized Adam Patrick Murray/IDG

Align the semicircular notch on your SSD with the standoff, and tighten the screw carefully into the standoff so the SSD doesn’t move. Do not overtighten, or you could damage something important!

For those of you with shields you’ll have a bit more to wrangle, so take your time through these next steps.

Because there is no screw to keep the drive flat, you’ll have to hold it down while you place the shield over it, or get help from someone who can hold it flat while you handle the shield. It might help to do a dry run before you remove the plastic sheet from the thermal pad—just be sure to not leave that plastic on permanently!

install ssd in pc remove plastic cover from thermal paste on shield Adam Patrick Murray/IDG

Remember to remove the plastic sheet from the thermal paste before you install the shield over the SSD.

When you are ready, take the plastic off and lower the shield straight onto the drive. It’s important to lower it straight onto the drive, because the thermal pad is tacky and may cause the drive to slide out of its slot if you shift it after it’s adhered to the shield. If that does happen, don’t panic: Carefully remove the SSD from the thermal pad and start over.

The hardest part here is lining the screws up to the standoffs. One trick is to hold the screws in place on the shield as you lower it. This allows the screws to touch the standoffs before the thermal pad touches the drive.

install ssd in pc lay ssd flat install shield Adam Patrick Murray/IDG

It helps to have a friend hold the SSD flat while you pay attention to lowering the shield over it and carefully aligning and tightening the screws. Feel free to practice a few times before you expose the thermal paste and do it for real.

Once the screws are lined up, lower the shield into place and tighten the screws. Again, no need to overtighten them--it just needs to be snug.

M.2 SSD Install: Final Notes

install ssd in pc ssd with heat sink Adam Patrick Murray/IDG

Some M.2 SSDs come with their own heat sink.

The last thing to note here is that some M.2 SSDs feature their own built-in heat sink. An Adata XPG Gammix S70 drive we reviewed had a heat sink so big, it made the drive a challenge to install. Most of the ones we’ve tested are less obtrusive. 

If your motherboard has a shield you don’t want to place that over the included heat sink. Just store the shield somewhere safe in case you need to use it in the future. 

Next, we dive into installing a 2.5-inch SATA SSD. 

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Adam Patrick Murray

PC World (US online)
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